The European Commission – DG Move published a handbook, which has been developed in the study ‘Sustainable Transport Infrastructure Charging and Internalisation of Transport Externalities’, commissioned by a consortium led by CE Delft. The objective of this study is to assess the extent to which the ‘user pays’ and the ‘polluter pays’ principles are implemented in EU Member States and in other developed countries. This Report provides an overview of the methodologies and input values that can be used to provide state-of-the-art estimates for all main external costs of transport. Furthermore, the Report and corresponding excel file present the total, average and marginal external costs for all relevant countries.
European Commission – Handbook on the External Costs of Transport, April 2020
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