As part of a research project, a 21-month naturalistic driving experiment involving 230 participants was conducted from July 2019 to March 2021, counting for 106,776 trips. This study included different types of drivers, namely car drivers, professional van drivers, and motorcycle riders. This paper focuses on car drivers, who correspondent the majority of the study’s participants. In this study, a cohort of 31 car drivers who participated across all experimental phases, baseline, feedback, and post-feedback, was analyzed. Over the course of the 21-month experiment, these drivers completed a total of 24,904 trips, with each driver contributing a minimum of 20 trips in the post-feedback phase. This subset of 31 drivers was selected to closely examine the long-term effects of feedback interventions on driving behavior. The results of this research underscore the critical need for sustained feedback mechanisms to reinforce safe driving behaviors over the long term, as relapse patterns were consistently observed across all examined indicators once feedback interventions were withdrawn. For speeding, the relapse trends were equally pronounced, with survival probabilities showing a gradual decline. At the 50-trip mark, 82.3% of drivers adhered to improved behavior, but by 100 trips, this proportion fell to 65.2%, and by 150 trips, only 46.8% of drivers maintained reduced speeding levels. This highlights that more than half of the participants relapsed into speeding behaviors in the absence of ongoing feedback.
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