Furian G., Kaiser S., Soteropoulos A., Nikolaou D., Kaselouris K., Yannis G., “Subjective Safety of Vulnerable Road Users from a European Perspective – Insights from the ESRA3 Survey” at the Proceedings of the 8th IRTAD International Conference, Athens, 15-17 April 2026.

This extended abstract summarises the European findings of the ESRA3 Thematic Report No. 2 – Subjective Safety and Risk Perception (Furian et al., 2024) as well as No. 8 – Infrastructure (Nikolaou et al. 2024) with a specific focus on vulnerable road users (VRUs)—pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists, and e-scooter riders. These groups face a higher objective crash risk and often experience reduced subjective safety, yet they play a central role in achieving modal shift targets and Vision Zero objectives and especially walking, cycling and riding the e-scooter became more popular in recent years accompanied by an increase in crashes.