The emergence of Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) is progressing steadily, yet its safety implications remain only partially understood. This study investigates the safety performance of automated shuttles by analyzing Hard Braking (HB) incidents collected from real-world deployments across multiple European urban pilot sites. The analysis incorporated data from ten distinct locations involved in the SHOW project: Brno, Carabanchel, Graz, Karlsruhe, Klagenfurt, Les Mureaux, Linköping, Pörtschach, Tampere, and Trikala. The dataset provides broad geographical and contextual representation encompassing a total of 1,796 daily records and 4,820 HB events. A Negative Binomial regression model was used to correlate key explanatory variables including average speed, acceleration variance, as well as the pilot site itself. Multicollinearity was found to be negligible, as confirmed through variance inflation factors, while Marginal Effects to the Mean (MEM) were estimated to assess the influence of each variable. Results indicated that both average speed and acceleration variance significantly contributed to increased HB occurrences. Linköping exhibited the fewest HB events, whereas Klagenfurt had the highest, with Graz, Pörtschach, and Trikala also showing elevated rates. These findings emphasize the impact of operational conditions on shuttle safety and support the development of site-specific safety enhancements.
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