The objective of this paper is the investigation of the use of seat belt and helmet in Greece through a pan-hellenic observation survey, in which the use of seat belt and helmet by different groups of road users (age and gender), different vehicle types, at different times of the day, days and road types were recorded. The results were compared to the corresponding data from other European countries. The key conclusion is that the use of seat belt and helmet in Greece is significantly lower comparing to the majority of the European countries. This may explain the higher fatality rates in road accidents in Greece.