The current work aims to examine the basic parameters of the strategy for sustainable development of the transportation system in Greece, on the occasion of the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg. A four step methodology was developed, according to which a thorough literature review combined with analysis based on the experience gained from similar cases in Greece and the other European Countries allowed for the identification of both the direction of strategic development of transportation in Europe and special requirements of transportation in Greece. This has also led to the identification of the basic parameters of the national strategy on the development of transportation in Greece, while the basic elements for the implementation plan of a successful gradual application of this national strategy are proposed. The elaboration and adoption of the national strategy is likely to lead to the gradual upgrade of the transportation system in Greece, especially nowadays where growth of the past years is expected to lead to new higher transportation demands.