Cognitive function consists a cornerstone for driving performance, irrespective of age. The objective of the current research is the analysis of traffic and safety behaviour of drivers with neurological diseases affecting cognitive functions. Towards that aim, the impact of cognitive disorders and other risk factors on reaction time of drivers was investigated. A driving simulator experiment was carried out and a large dataset of 225 drivers was analyzed. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) in the field of assessing driving behaviour of drivers with cerebral diseases was developed. Results indicated that the group of patients had a longer reaction time in all examined conditions compared to the cognitively intact group. A combination of the most robust cognitive and noncognitive risk factors may allow an accurate prediction of driving behaviour and prospective accident risk.