The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV, VIAS Institute and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Driver Distraction Thematic Report which highlights driver distraction as a significant risk factor in traffic.  The self-declared prevalence of mobile phone use while driving a car in 22 European countries is 51% for the use of hands-free devices, 22% for handheld mobile phone conversations, and 23% for text reading/checking social media. While the latter two activities are illegal, hands-free phoning is generally not. Recent observations of drivers in 20 European countries found that the percentage of drivers using a handheld mobile device varied among countries and ranged from 2.1% to 15.5%. Furthermore Road-user focused countermeasures include the enforcement of the legal bans on the use of handheld phones (and electronic devices), e.g., with smart cameras, and raising awareness of the risks of distraction in public campaigns and through driver education during licensing.