Road Safety Knowledge
Road Safety Knowledge concerns published scientific papers, conference presentations, research results, technical reports, as well as syntheses, manuals and guidelines attempting to shed light into several contemporary road safety issues.
![nrso-tabs-banner-knowledge5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/nrso-tabs-banner-knowledge5.jpg)
Road Design
Road interventions
Signing
Lighting
Equipment
Workzones
Junctions
Urban safety
Rural roads
Motorways
Traffic
Weather
Impact assessment
Audit & inspection
High risk sites
Safety assessment
e-safety
Safety equipment
Vehicle Inspection
![nrso-management1](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/nrso-management1.jpg)
Culture
Strategy
Measures
International comparisons
Data analysis
Accident severity
Driving Simulator
Naturalistic Driving
Measures Assessment
Social cost
Post impact care
Work related safety
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/esra3_trmopedsandmotorcyclists_july2024-150x150.jpg)
The Moped riders & Motorcyclists Thematic Report of the European Survey of Road Users’ Safety Attitudes (ESRA) has been published with the active contribution of NTUA, containing a wealth of information on road safety in 39 countries across Europe, America and Asia-Oceania, based on the ESRA3 survey. This Thematic ESRA3 Report describes the frequency of riding a moped or a motorcycle, the use of infrastructure, the road crash involvement, the acceptability of unsafe traffic behaviour, the safety perception of using moped and motorcycle, the rates of self-declared behaviour and factors associated with risky riding behaviours. Furthermore, it includes comparisons among the participating countries as well as results in relation to age and gender.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/esra3_escooterriders_july24-150x150.jpg)
The E-Scooter Riders Thematic Report of the European Survey of Road Users’ Safety Attitudes (ESRA) has been published with the active contribution of NTUA, containing a wealth of information on road safety in 39 countries across Europe, America and Asia-Oceania, based on the ESRA3 survey. This Thematic ESRA3 Report provides an in-depth examination of road safety issues associated with E-Scooter (electric-kick style scooter), including an extensive analysis of self-declared unsafe behaviours in traffic, the utilization frequency of e-scooters, and the incidence of involvement in road crashes among e-scooter riders. Moreover, the Report investigates determinants that may elevate the risk of crash involvement for e-scooter riders, offering a detailed perspective on the complexities of e-scooter road safety.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/erso_trenforcement-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Traffic Law Enforcement (TLE) Thematic Report which can be defined as the entire penal procedure designed to persuade road users to obey traffic laws and regulations through threat of detection of violation and the imposition of a penalty. This Thematic Report describes the working mechanisms of TLE in Europe, as well as how effective are for road safety the enforcement of speeding, red light running, drug-impaired driving, drink-driving, mobile phone use and seat belt use. Moreover, enforcement support measures such as legislation, sanction types, data-driven enforcement operations and public communication are suggested.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/erso_trpedestrians-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Pedestrians Thematic Report which refers to the safety of vulnerable road users that suffer the most severe consequences in collisions with other road users. This Thematic Report describes how pedestrians participate in traffic, as well as pedestrians in relation to road safety hazards. Furthermore, countermeasures about land use planning, road design, visibility, vehicle design of crash opponents, education, training and enforcement are suggested.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/erso_ffurbanareas-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Urban Areas Facts and Figures Report which refers to public roads inside urban boundary signs. According to this Report, the number of fatalities on urban roads decreased by 22%, which is similar to the 21% decrease on other roads (rural roads and motorways). Furthermore, vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, mopeds, motorcycles) make up 68% of fatalities on urban roads, while pedestrians are involved in 33% of all fatalities.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/erso_ffruralareas-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Rural Areas Facts and Figures Report which refers to public roads outside urban boundary signs, excluding motorways. In 2022, 53% of all road fatalities in the EU27 occurred on rural roads. Between 2012 and 2022, the number of fatalities on rural roads decreased by 24%, compared to 18% decrease on urban roads and motorways. Remarkable is that car occupants make up more than half (56%) of all fatalities on rural roads.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/esra3_trsubjsafety-150x150.jpg)
The Subjective safety & risk perception Thematic Report of the European Survey of Road Users’ Safety Attitudes (ESRA) has been published with the active contribution of NTUA, containing a wealth of information on road safety in 39 countries across Europe, America and Asia-Oceania, based on the ESRA3 survey. This Thematic ESRA3 Report describes the perceived levels of safety when using different transport modes and the assessment of various risk factors in traffic (e.g. alcohol, speed, fatigue) regarding their contribution to crashes. Furthermore, it includes comparisons amongst the participating countries, as well as results in relation to age and gender.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/amerikanos-ad158-150x150.jpg)
An NTUA Diploma Thesis titled “Factors Influencing Bus Lane Violations in Athens” was recently presented by Ilias Amerikanos. For this purpose, data collected from on-site measurements using visual observation on the roads of Athens were analyzed. The measurements were conducted in the year 2021 and 2023. The analyses revealed that the critical factors influencing bus lane violations include the number of lanes, the length of the road, the type of vehicles, the time of day, and the direction in which the vehicles are traveling.
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/tziouvaras-ad157-150x150.jpg)
An NTUA Diploma Thesis titled “The effect of fatigue on driver behavior in rural environment using driver simulator” was recently presented by Georgios Tziouvaras. To achieve this objective, an experimental procedure was conducted in a driving simulator through which driving data of 35 participants were collected. In addition, to collect the necessary data, the personal characteristics of the participants were determined through a questionnaire survey. Results indicated that fatigue driving increases the average speed and reaction time of drivers, reduces their distance from the vehicle ahead and increases crash probability. Moreover, under conditions of high traffic load, lower average driver speeds, reduced reaction times, reduced distances from preceding vehicles and increased crash probability were observed.
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/paschalidis-ad156-150x150.jpg)
An NTUA Diploma Thesis titled “Correlation between fatigue and driver behavior in urban and highway environments using simulator” was recently presented by Ioannis Paschalidis. To achieve this goal, an experimental procedure was conducted using a driving simulator, which collected driving data from 35 participants. In addition, a questionnaire survey was used to determine the participants’ personal characteristics. Results indicate that driving while fatigued increases drivers’ average speed and reaction time, decreases their distance from lead vehicles, and decreases their acceleration. Furthermore, milder symptoms of fatigue while driving are linked to shorter distances from the leading vehicle, compared to more severe symptoms, while also inducing an increase in acceleration.
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/andreikos-ad155-150x150.jpg)
An NTUA Diploma Thesis titled “Spatial analysis of road accidents in the municipalities of Greece” was recently presented by Dimitris Andreikos. To achieve this, population, social, economic and transportation data were collected, and its influence on the number of road fatalities were examined. The application and evaluation of the models showed that the most important factors that influence the number of road fatalities are the possession of private vehicles and the Gross Domestic Product. Private vehicle possession correlates positively with the number of road fatalities, as the increase in vehicles leads to an increased exposure to danger, while GDP correlates negatively, as its increase is linked to better life quality and improved road safety measures.
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/kitsios-ad154-150x150.jpg)
An NTUA Diploma Thesis titled “Impact factors of Greek drivers self-reported traffic violations” was recently presented by Alexandros Kitsios. To fulfill this object, six Binary Logistic Regression models and a Structural Equation Model (SEM) were developed using data from the second edition of the E-Survey of Road users’ Attitudes (ESRA). The covariance between the dependent variables of driving with alcohol consumption above the legal limit, driving on a highway, but also inside and outside a residential area at a speed above the legal limit, and using a mobile phone without a headset and to access social networks while driving, is positive and statistically significant revealing that drivers who engage, more frequently, in one of these risky behaviors are more likely to also engage in any of the others in combination.
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/erso_ffjunctions_july2024-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Junctions Facts and Figures Report which refers to road fatalities at junctions, which are locations where two or more roads meet and traffic can change between different routes, directions, or sometimes modes of travel. According to this report, 18% of all road fatalities in the EU27 occurred at junctions and road fatalities at junctions in the EU have decreased by 10% since 2019. Moreover, 57% of junction fatalities in the EU27 occur on urban roads. Remarkable is that vulnerable road users are being involved in more than half of all fatalities at junctions (63%).
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/erso_ffcaroccupants_july2024-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory the Car Occupants Facts and Figures Report which refers to car drivers as well as car passengers (front or rear seat). According to this report, the total number of car occupant fatalities in the EU27 has decreased by 9% since 2019 and 45% of all road fatalities in the EU27 in 2022 were car occupants. Furthermore, 82% of fatally injured car drivers are men, with the highest rates in single vehicle crashes being recorded for the age group 20 to 24 years old. Remarkable is that two thirds of car occupant fatalities in the EU occurred on rural roads.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/erso_ffmainfigures_july2024-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Main Figures Facts and Figures Report which examines road fatalities on European roads. According to this Report, there has been a 9% decrease in road fatalities for the EU27 between 2019 and 2022, with far more males than females being killed in road crashes. Moreover, 47% of total road fatalities are vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, moped riders and motorcyclists) and over a half of road fatalities occur on rural roads (53%). On urban roads, the share of killed pedestrians is highest with 33%.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/erso_fflgvs_july2024-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Light Goods Vehicles (LGVs) Facts and Figures Report which refers to lorries under 3.5 tonnes. The development of the number of fatalities in LGV crashes throughout the years varies across European countries, with Northern and Central European countries having a lower share of fatalities in LGV crashes in the total number of road fatalities than countries in Southern and Southeastern Europe. Furthermore, LGV crash fatalities display a different distribution during the week compared to all road crash fatalities, but show some similarities compared to HGV crash fatalities.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/esra3_trdistractionfatigue-150x150.jpg)
The Distraction & Fatigue Thematic Report of the European Survey of Road Users’ Safety Attitudes (ESRA) has been published with the active contribution of NTUA, containing a wealth of information on road safety in 39 countries across Europe, America and Asia-Oceania, based on the ESRA3 survey. This Thematic ESRA3 Report concerns distraction and fatigue in traffic. Results on distraction focus on the use of a mobile phone while driving a car, while only results for car drivers are included for fatigued driving. The report also includes comparisons among the regions as well as results by age and gender group within each region, by country, and the identification of factors that influence the self-declared behaviour of talking on a handheld mobile phone while driving a car and driving a car while fatigued.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/geyannis-pj250-150x150.jpg)
A paper titled “Unfolding the dynamics of driving behavior: a machine learning analysis from Germany and Belgium” authored by Stella Roussou, Eva Michelaraki, Christos Katrakazas, Amir Pooyan Afghari, Christelle Al Haddad, Md Rakibul Alam, Constantinos Antoniou, Eleonora Papadimitriou, Tom Brijs and George Yannis has been published in European Transport Research Review. Thirty German drivers’ trips and Forty-Three Belgian drivers were analyzed using Long-Short-Term-Memory Networks and shallow Neural Networks, revealing factors contributing to risky behavior. Results indicate i-DREAMS interventions significantly enhance driving behavior, with Neural Networks displaying superior performance among the algorithms considered. ![doi](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/DOI.png)
![doi](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/DOI.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/geyannis-pj250-150x150.jpg)
A paper titled “Safety evaluation via conflict classification during automated shuttle bus service operations” authored by Apostolos Ziakopoulos, Maria Oikonomou, Marios Sekadakis and George Yannis has been published in European Transport Research Review. To investigate impacts of autonomous shuttle bus services and to further examine their operational speed, the microscopic simulation method was performed. By analyzing the trajectory data extracted from microsimulation, traffic conflicts were identified and further analyzed by developing Mixed-Effects Multinomial Logit Regression models (ME-MLMs) in order to associate conflict type taking into account network characteristics as well as traffic conditions. The analysis yielded several significant findings that provide quantitative measurements and assessments of the effects observed, enabling a better understanding of the safety implications associated with the widespread adoption of automated services. ![doi](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/DOI.png)
![doi](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/DOI.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/ersoprotectiveequipmentinf_jun24-150x150.jpg)
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has launched a safe mobility promotion activity focusing on helmets, seatbelts and child restraint systems. According to the new Reports from the European Road Safety Observatory, protective equipment has been shown to be very effective in protecting road users from death or serious injuries. If used correctly, motorcycle helmets can reduce fatal crashes by around 40% and the chance of severe head injury by almost 70%. Seatbelts are shown to reduce the risk of fatal incidents by 60% for occupants in the front of a vehicle and 44% for those in the rear. Regarding child restraint systems, research indicates that children who are correctly restrained are around 60% less likely to be killed or injured compared to unrestrained children.
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![ppt5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PPT5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/trra_2678_6-1.jpg)
A paper titled “Leveraging Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict and Analyze Single-Vehicle and Multi-Vehicle Crash Occurrences on Motorways” authored by Saumik Sakib Bin Masud, Kirti Mahajan, Alexandra Kondyli, Katerina Deliali and George Yannis has been published in Transportation Research Record. The dataset for this research included various types of roadway design parameters and traffic conditions. Combinations of three feature-selection techniques, namely ANOVA, correlation matrix, and ExtraTreesClassifier algorithm, were utilized to separately select the appropriate variables for single-vehicle (SV) and multi-vehicle (MV) crash analysis. The results confirmed that the crash factors associated with single and multi-vehicle crashes are different and that some parameters have inverse impact. Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning (ML) can assist transportation professionals in better understanding the causes of SV and MV crashes and advance the process toward Vision Zero. ![doi](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/DOI.png)
![doi](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/DOI.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/europeancouncilreport_jun24-150x150.jpg)
The European Council has published a special Report titled ‘Reaching EU road safety objectives – Time to move up a gear’, which provides an in-depth examination of the current state of play and trends in road safety in the EU. The text highlights the importance of investing on high-quality, resilient, and sustainable road infrastructure, and the related road safety planning obligations, as well as of interconnectivity and interoperability of data related to traffic to improve road safety management.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/nrss2030/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/eurostatsdgs_jun24-150x150.jpg)
Eurostat has recently released a progress Report titled ‘Sustainable development in the European Union – monitoring report on progress towards the SDGs in an EU context – 2024 edition’. This publication provides readers with a statistical overview of the EU’s progress towards its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the assessment of the past five years of available data, the EU made progress towards most of the SDGs, while it fell slightly behind in a few goals. Specifically for road safety, the EU road safety policy framework 2021–2030 and Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy aim to reduce deaths and serious injuries on the road by 50% by 2030.
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/nrss2030/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/George30-Sustainability-5-150x150.jpg)
A paper titled “Review of City-Wide 30km/h Speed Limit Benefits in Europe” authored by George Yannis and Eva Michelaraki has been published in Sustainability. This study allows the quantification of the benefits in safety, environment, energy, traffic, livability, and health before and after the phased implementation of city-wide 30 km/h speed limits. Results from 40 different cities across Europe (including Paris, London, Brussels, and Helsinki) demonstrated that 30 km/h speed limits have led to significant reductions: 37% of road crash fatalities, 18% in emissions, 2.5dB in noise pollution and 7% in fuel consumption (on average), with very small variations of average traffic speed. ![doi](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/DOI.png)
![doi](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/DOI.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/rospa_speedlimits_june24-150x150.jpg)
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) has recently published a Synthesis Report titled “Speed Limits” which focuses on the interventions regarding effective speed management. More precisely, new principles about setting speed limits are emerging, based on an assessment of the combined risk relating to the infrastructure, travel speeds, volume and mix of traffic by type (including vulnerable road users). Furthermore, signs are the primary way of communicating the speed limit of a road to drivers, with principles of effective speed limits signing been uniformity, consistency, simplicity, relevance and legibility. ![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/rospa_speed_june24-150x150.jpg)
The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) has recently published a Synthesis Report titled “Speed” which focuses on the relationship between speed and risk. Precisely, as average traffic speed reduces, so does the likelihood of a crash resulting in injury that is recorded by the police. Furthermore, effective speed management policies are likely to include an integrated package of measures, including credible speed limits, enforcement, education and engineering. RoSPA is a leading voice in health and safety that has campaigns to reduce avoidable crashes on the road. ![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/irap_may24-150x150.jpg)
Using the International Road Assessment Programme (iRAP) methodology, road safety infrastructure changes and safer speeds within more than 1,000 infrastructure projects have prevented almost 700,000 deaths and serious injuries in 74 countries since 2016, according to a new paper with Johns Hopkins University published in PLOS One. This study is the first to measure the impact of road projects financed by governments, development banks and private-sector road operators around the world using the iRAP methodology and tools. ![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/iStock-1144525337-1-150x150.jpg)
BBC World News published an article about a revolutionary idea that changed the way Europe regarded road collisions. Claes Tingvall, as the head of Road Safety for the Swedish Road Adminstration in 1995, tried to balance road safety with other factors, including cost, driver preferences and the impact on the economy of changing traffic flows. Tingvall found that crash victims were not, as many in the road transport sector, assumed – drunk and irresponsible drivers but for the most part, they were people who made small mistakes. He introduced the Vision Zero fatalities as ultimum target and the Safe System approach as the way to share the responsibility also to the Authorities and all those involved in the design and the operation of the road and traffic system to be preventive and forgiving to human errors, eliminating the crash and injury risk. ![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/fersi_may24-150x150.jpg)
The Forum of European Road Safety Research Institutes (FERSI) published a paper titled “Secondary roads – Road Safety challenges“, which demonstrates the important contribution of secondary rural roads to the burden of road traffic injuries and fatalities. Furthermore, it identifies the most important road safety challenges and emphasizes the corresponding need for addressing these by introducing appropriate remedial road infrastructure measures and new technologies, supported by consistent research and innovation.
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/linkedin.png)
![link](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/LINK.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/linkedin.png)
![](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/tsr_may24-150x150.jpg)
Together for Safer Roads Global Coalition published a Report titled Seat Belt Safety Standard Operating Procedures, which aims at helping fleet managers increase seat belt usage rates, a fundamental and critical aspect of an overall road safety system. This report is part of a larger, far-reaching Global Fleet Safety Instruments Standardization Initiative and contains six chapters, including training for Seat Belt Compliance, Seat Belt Software and Hardware Selection, Purchasing and Evaluating Vehicle Seat Belt Safety Systems, Seat Belt Utilization Enforcement, Communication for Seat Belt Safety Awareness and Documentation of Seat Belt Safety Compliance. ![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)
![pdf5](https://www.nrso.ntua.gr/wp-content/uploads/PDF5.png)