Author: Ioannis Papadogiorgakis
A global coalition of partners announced their commitment to the Implementation of the United Nations Decade of Sustainable Transport 2026-2035, to accelerate the transition towards inclusive, safe, green and efficient road systems for all. More precisely, IRF, Arup, NTRO, Global Alliance of NGOs for Road Safety, FIDIC, iRAP, ORIS and World Wildlife Fund joined forces to translate the vision of the Decade into concrete action by providing strategic direction and practical support for those who plan, build and manage road systems. At its core stands the Roadmaps for Change series will outline policy actions, technical standards and tools, replicable practices, innovation and indicators of progress, together with a capacity-building programme for trainings and peer-learning activities, with a special focus on road and transport public Authorities. 
A paper titled State-of-the-art review on sustainable driving behavior: trade-offs between road safety, fuel consumption and emissions authored by Virginia Petraki, Apostolos Ziakopoulos and George Yannis has been published in Accident Analysis & Prevention. This paper aims to systematically review the role of driving behavior, as expressed by road crashes, fuel consumption, and vehicular emissions. A two-stage PRISMA approach was developed to shortlist the most relevant studies for systematic review out of 1,120 initial studies, with each stage focused on safety and eco-driving behavior studies. The findings suggest that the main driver behavior factors found to affect both road crashes and fuel consumption/emissions are related to average and instantaneous driving speed and acceleration, harsh acceleration and deceleration events, driving volatility, vehicular jerk, and idling during driving. Furthermore, a discussion of the knowledge gaps in the potential of an integrated methodological framework of driving behavior assessment in the context of road safety, economy, and environmental sustainability is then provided, followed by the relevant conclusions. 
Dimitris Nikolaou, Eva Michelaraki, Maria G. Oikonomou, Marios Sekadakis and Stella Roussou, Research Associates of the Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering of NTUA were awarded with the NTUA Thomaidion Award for outstanding road safety publications in scientific journals. The Awards for publications in Scientific Journals concerned:
- Nikolaou D., Ziakopoulos A., Kontaxi A., Theofilatos A., Yannis G., (2024) “Spatial analysis of telematics-based surrogate safety measures”, Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 92, pp. 98-108.
- Yannis G., Michelaraki E., (2024) “Review of City-Wide 30 km/h Speed Limit Benefits in Europe”, Sustainability 2024, 16(11).
- Antonakaki A., Oikonomou M. G., Garefalakis T., Yannis G., (2024) “Driving Automation Systems Penetration and Traffic Safety: Implications for Infrastructure Design and Policy”, Infrastructures 2024, 9(12), 234.
- Sekadakis M., Kallidoni M., Katrakazas C., Trösterer S., Marx C., Moertl P., Yannis G., (2024) “The HADRIAN novel human–machine interface prototype for automated driving: safety and impact assessment”, European Transport Research Review 16, 64.
- Roussou S., Petraki V., Deliali K., Kontaxi A., Yannis G., (2024) “Cost benefit analysis of reducing speed limits in Athens to 30 Km/h”, Case Studies on Transport Policy, 18, 101289.
Infrastructures Journal has launched the 2nd Edition of the Special Issue titled: “Safer Roads Ahead: Exploring the Latest Innovations and Advancements in Road Design and Safety Technology, 2nd Edition” aiming to showcase recent developments, innovative methodologies, and emerging technologies that contribute to safer and more resilient road infrastructure. The submission deadline is 31 August 2026.
This Special Issue welcomes contributions on innovative approaches to road safety and infrastructure development. Relevant themes include emerging road design strategies, smart and adaptive roadway systems, and advanced safety solutions for vulnerable road users, as well as data-driven and AI-supported methods for identifying and mitigating crash risks,, and connected and autonomous vehicle technologies. Studies focusing on human factors, behavioural insights, and environmental or climate-resilient road design are likewise encouraged.
Guest editors of this special issue are Dr. Dimitrios Nikolaou and Associate Prof. Panagiotis Papantoniou.
The World Road Association – PIARC recently published a Report titled “Motorcycle Protection Systems & Safety Aspects Of Management Of Traffic For Motorcycles” responding to the need of protecting one of the most vulnerable road user groups worldwide. The purpose of this Report is to provide evidence-based knowledge, case studies, and recommendations that can support PIARC member countries in addressing motorcyclist safety through both infrastructure measures and traffic management strategies. The scope of the Study includes literature reviews, international surveys, stakeholder interviews, and numerical/experimental analyses with emphasis in low- and middle-income countries.
The World Road Association – PIARC recently published a Report titled “Management of Road Worksites”. This Special Project presents a critical and escalating global challenge: the growing safety, mobility, and environmental burden of road worksites. In response to these challenges, PIARC commissioned this Study to investigate current governance models and best practices from around the world. Its purpose was to synthesise these findings, benchmark capability gaps, and ultimately deliver a framework and practical toolkit. The design integrated a systematic literature review, a global survey, semi-structured interviews and a detailed analysis indicating a clear set of strategic actions necessary to mature global practice.
Tongji University – Workshop on Traffic Control Systems for Future Mobility, Shanghai, December 2025
Tongji University organized with great success a Workshop on Traffic Control Systems for Future Mobility which took place in Shanghai, China on 4 December 2025. This Event aims to foster dialogue on road safety within traffic control and mobility developments and interventions. NTUA actively contributed with the following presentation:
A paper titled Evaluating driver preferences between punitive and non-punitive speeding penalties: Results from a stated choice experiment authored by Athanasios Theofilatos, Apostolos Ziakopoulos, Evangelia Stratigi, Pantelis Kopelias and Dimitris Potoglou has been published in Journal of Safety Research. This Paper aims to investigate driver preferences regarding penalties for speeding violations in Greece: (Option A) immediate fines with off-road short detention (administrative process); (Option B) attendance of compulsory road safety seminars; and (Option C) judicial processes with possible dispute of fines in court. Data were collected via a Stated Choice (SC) survey conducted during June and July 2023 in Greece, involving 161 participants resulting in 805 choice situations, and were analyzed by utilizing a random parameter multinomial logit model to capture unobserved heterogeneity among drivers. The results showed that only 4.6% of respondents preferred the judicial process, indicating a strong deterrent effect of potential trial and associated costs. These findings point towards more effective enforcement strategies while balancing penalty costs and duration of compulsory off-road detention and promoting educational-related non-punitive measures.
A paper titled Cross-cultural perspectives of vulnerable road user safety performance based on evidence from 39 countries authored by George Yannis, Apostolos Ziakopoulos, Dimitrios Nikolaou, Konstantinos Kaselouris, Mette Møller, Dagmara Jankowska-Karpa and Marie-Axelle Granié has been published in IATSS Research. This paper aims to provide a quantified update on VRUs safety performance by analyzing data from a broad-country sample. For this study, data was utilized from the third edition of the E-Survey on Road Users’ Attitudes (ESRA3) survey, which was conducted in 2023, covering 39 countries from 5 continents. A statistical analysis based on Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) and clustering was conducted to meaningfully categorize VRU groups, enabling the quantification of each category and providing scientific documentation for more informed policymaking. Findings include the fact that VRU safety perceptions and behaviors differ significantly across regions, with Europeans feeling safer overall, with older VRUs displaying fewer risky habits than younger ones. Cyclists often neglect helmet use in particular countries (Thailand, Bosnia), while drug and alcohol consumption while riding is notably high in specific countries as well (Ireland, Thailand, the Netherlands). Furthermore, for all VRU modes, statistical tests revealed that there is a statistically significant association between younger individuals and higher-risk cluster categorization. Finally, the paper provides recommendations for road safety stakeholders operating at different levels, which could be implemented in efforts to enhance VRUs road safety.
A paper titled Analyzing SHAP values of XGBoost algorithms to understand driving features affecting take-over time from vehicle alert to driver action authored by Marios Sekadakis, Thodoris Garefalakis, Peter Moertl and George Yannis has been published in Displays. This Study investigates the factors influencing Take-Over Time (TOT) during transitions from automated to manual driving, emphasizing the novelty of applying XGBoost modeling combined with SHAP analysis to uncover non-linear and implicit dependencies between features. Driving simulation data were utilized as key variables for the analysis. The findings indicate that higher automation levels resulted in longer TOT, with SHAP values consistently positive for AD Level 3, demonstrating the added value of explainable machine learning in clarifying these patterns. Furthermore, Dynamic driving parameters, such as deceleration and speed variability, were also significant. Moreover strong negative deceleration values were generally associated with shorter TOT, reflecting quicker responses under urgent braking. Speed showed a moderate positive effect on TOT at 80–110 km/h, with drivers taking additional time to assess the environment, but higher speeds (above 110 km/h) resulted in quicker responses. By combining methodological innovation with contextual insights, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of takeover behavior and provides actionable evidence for optimizing adaptive HMI design and takeover strategies in AD systems.
A paper titled In full-touch HMI mode: How does car-following pressure, task complexity, and speed affect driver’s visual distraction characteristics? authored by Kunchen Li, Menglu Gu, Wei Yuan, Yisi Lu and George Yannis has been published in Accident Analysis & Prevention. This paper aims to investigate the effects of interaction tasks and traffic situations on drivers’ visual distraction characteristics in full-touch HMI mode. A total of 50 distinct participants were recruited: 30 took part in a real-road experiment, and 30 participated in a driving simulator experiment, with 10 being in both experiments with a total of 60 participant-sessions. Air volume control, temperature control, and call a contact are selected as typical tasks in each experiment. The results show that the mean off-road glance duration is influenced by the car-following pressure but not by the task. The mean glance duration is lower when the driver is following a vehicle, with an average decrease of 21%. Furthermore, higher speeds lead to a decrease in the total off-road glance duration, where participants tend to reduce the duration of each off-road glance while increasing the number of glances to compensate for the increased risk. The findings can differentiate the visual demands of various HMI tasks and clarify how drivers adapt their gaze behaviors as driving demands change (e.g., car-following pressure), offering safety-related recommendations for drivers.
A paper titled Infrastructure use and related safety feeling of different road user types globally authored by George Yannis, Dimitrios Nikolaou, Konstantinos Kaselouris and Gerald Furian has been published in IATSS Research. The objective of this Paper is to investigate trends in road infrastructure usage and safety perceptions among car drivers and vulnerable road users across different types of roads worldwide. For this study, data from the third edition of the E-Survey on Road Users’ Attitudes (ESRA3), conducted in 2023 and covering 39 countries from 5 continents, were utilized. The results revealed that car drivers in Europe have the highest usage of inter-city motorways, while America leads in using thoroughfares and high-speed roads within cities. Moreover, in Europe, rural roads and roads connecting towns and villages are heavily utilized. Furthermore, moderate to weak linear relationships were discovered between the perceived safety of road infrastructure and road fatality rates, as well as between the perceived safety of road infrastructure and Gross Domestic Product. Lastly, recommendations for enhancing infrastructure safety, such as road maintenance and upgrades, are provided.
The Hellenic Association for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS Hellas) in co-operation with the University of Patras, Department of Civil Engineering are organizing the International Conference ITS 2026 which will be held in Patras, on 12-13 November 2026. This Conference will be held under the theme “Intelligent Green Mobility and Resilience Society”. The ITS Conference is an opportunity for industry, public organizations, local government and authorities, universities, researchers, consultants, constructors and freelancers to exchange views on arising problems and innovative solutions, including policies. Researchers can submit their contributions until 20 April 2026 here.
A NTUA Diploma Thesis titled “Driving Behavior Analysis Using Connected Vehicle Data” was recently presented by Andreas Englezos. For the purposes of this research, variables related to speed, engine temperature, the anti-lock braking system (ABS), and other driving characteristics were examined. The data were collected over a three-month period to identify different route profiles in terms of driver behavior. From the application of the algorithm, it was found that the variable with the highest importance value was the engine oil temperature. Finally, a Binary Logistic Regression was performed to examine the extent to which the independent variables influence the probability of ABS activation, which showed that the variable with the greatest influence was engine activation. 
The International Road Federation (IRF) organized with great success the IRF Annual Conference 2025 which was held online on 2-4 December 2025. The Conference brought together leaders from government, international organisations, academia, industry and civil society, welcoming hundreds of participants from 84 countries across nine online sessions under the theme, “Reimagining Roads for Inclusive, Safe, Green and Efficient Mobility”. It was demonstrated that reimagining roads requires integrating people’s lived mobility realities with technological, institutional and financial transformation, while collaboration across countries and disciplines remains central to addressing shared challenges. Session summaries of the Conference are available here.
The IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society (ITSS) organized with great success the IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 2025), which was held in Gold Coast, Australia on 18-21 November 2025. This annual flagship Conference attracts researchers, engineers, practitioners, and students, from industry, universities and government agencies to present their latest work and to discuss research and applications for intelligent vehicles and vehicle-infrastructure cooperation. NTUA actively contributed with the following presentation:
NTUA actively contributed with the following presentation:
Ayvens Societe Generale Group organized with great success a Webinar on Trends and Developments in Mobility, which took place online on 13 November 2025. This Event, aimed to educate the participants on the developments in the automotive industry, the transition to electrification, the new era of mobility global trends and developments as well as safe mobility and road safety approaches. NTUA actively contributed with the following presentation:
Saracakis Group of Companies in cooperation with NTUA and the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport organized with great success a Workshop on Safe Driving Behavior Courses, which was held in Athens, on 12 November 2025. This Ιnitiative aimed to educate the participants on safe driving, reduce serious traffic accidents and fatalities and save the lives of young people. National road safety experts and driver safety instructors commented on the issue. NTUA actively contributed with the following presentation:
NTUA actively contributed with the following presentation:
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV, and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Work-related Road Safety Thematic Report which emphasizes on work-related road traffic injuries including crashes at workplaces, during work-related journeys, while some countries also include commuting in their definitions. Work-related travel remains one of the most dangerous activities undertaken by employees across Europe. Official statistics highlight the scale of the problem: in 2022, 3,286 fatal workplace accidents were recorded in the EU, yet these figures underestimate the true impact because many road crashes during work journeys are not classified as workplace fatalities. Furthermore, the transport and storage sector illustrates the disproportionate risk: in 2022, 18.4% of fatal workplace accidents occurred during vehicle operation, with sharp differences between Member States. Moreover, systematic evidence shows that structured work-related safety interventions and countermeasures deliver significant benefits across economic, organizational and social dimensions.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Traffic law Enforcement Thematic Report which defines Traffic Law Enforcement (TLE) as the entire penal procedure designed to persuade road users to abide by traffic laws and regulations through threat of detection of violation and the imposition of a penalty or other sanction. In a safe road system, both general and targeted TLE are required to limit the occurrence of the safety-critical violations. Within the safe system approach TLE is best combined with other measures to reduce violations. Furthermore, the main types of TLE can be distinguished along three main dimensions: automatic versus manned controls, stationary versus mobile controls, and visible/conspicuous versus less visible/hidden controls. Although enforcement can improve road safety, it remains a challenge to maintain and optimize the effects of TLE.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV, VIAS Institute and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Seniors Thematic Report which considers seniors as those aged 65 years and over. Seniors are most at risk in traffic as pedestrians or cyclists. Seniors form a high proportion of casualties as well as being at significantly greater risk per kilometer travelled, while as drivers, seniors are a greater risk to themselves than to other road users. Furthermore, the highest risk is observed for road users over 75 years of age. This Report highlights the three high crash risk factors as vulnerability, reduced driving and fitness to drive. Moreover, some countermeasures include Passive safety measures, as well as senior training with refresher courses.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Post-crash data Thematic Report which are essential for mapping the care continuum and identifying delays or failures in the chain of survival. This Reports emphasizes that for every fatality, around five people suffer serious injuries with lasting consequences, and the annual economic cost across EU 27 remains high. By capturing data at link – call receipt, dispatch, travel time, on-scene interventions, transport intervals, clinical treatment and rehab – authorities can pinpoint bottlenecks, improve protocols and ensure that all phone-users, including those with disabilities or while roaming, receive timely help. Furthermore, automatic crash notification systems, enhanced mobile-phone location services, and integrated crash-detection functions are some of the countermeasures suggested in order to create a seamless continuum from detection to definitive care.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV, VIAS Institute and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Personal Mobility Devices Thematic Report which focuses mainly on electric scooters. The vast majority of crashes involving an e-scooter do not involve another road user. However, the most severe casualties (over 80% of e-scooter rider deaths and 50% of trauma patients’ injuries) result from crashes that do involve a heavier motor vehicle. Furthermore, for e-scooters, poor road surface conditions, e-scooter speed, riders under the influence of alcohol or drugs, inexperienced users and lack of helmet use combined with the limited stability and high acceleration of an e-scooter contribute to the cause and severity of injuries.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Pedestrians Thematic Report which highlights that pedestrians comprise just under 20% of all road deaths in the EU, a proportion that has declined slightly over the last decade. The number of pedestrians killed declined by around 30% between 2012 and 2022, while most pedestrian crashes occur in urban areas: pedestrians account for 38% of all road deaths in such areas. Most crashes involving pedestrians occur while crossing the road and frequently at pedestrian crossings which are usually the location at which roads are most often crossed. Moreover, long-term planning countermeasures are needed to produce the fundamental changes that would improve the safety and mobility of vulnerable road users.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Young Novice Drivers Thematic Report which refers to 16-24 year old car drivers. Young European drivers are over-represented as victims of fatal car crashes. In the EU, over the period 2018-2022, on average 1,058 young car drivers (18-24 years of age) died each year in a crash. Lack of experience causes a high crash risk due to underdeveloped higher order driving skills like include hazard perception, risk awareness, and calibration. Young drivers can also be more easily distracted, cannot always resist peer pressure, are more often fatigued and drive at night more often than older drivers. Drink driving occurs almost as often with young drivers as with older ones, but it has a more detrimental effect on their driving capabilities. Furthermore, they drive more often than older drivers under the influence of illegal psychoactive substances such as cannabis.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV, VIAS Institute and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Driver Distraction Thematic Report which highlights driver distraction as a significant risk factor in traffic. The self-declared prevalence of mobile phone use while driving a car in 22 European countries is 51% for the use of hands-free devices, 22% for handheld mobile phone conversations, and 23% for text reading/checking social media. While the latter two activities are illegal, hands-free phoning is generally not. Recent observations of drivers in 20 European countries found that the percentage of drivers using a handheld mobile device varied among countries and ranged from 2.1% to 15.5%. Furthermore Road-user focused countermeasures include the enforcement of the legal bans on the use of handheld phones (and electronic devices), e.g., with smart cameras, and raising awareness of the risks of distraction in public campaigns and through driver education during licensing.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Cyclists Thematic Report which refers to the safety of cyclists. Cyclists are vulnerable in traffic and constitute the only road user group in the EU where the number of fatalities has not significantly declined in the past decade. In 2023, around 1,950 cyclists died in traffic in the EU with many more seriously injured. Furthermore, fatal cyclist crashes mostly involve motor vehicles accounting for around 70% of the total. Moreover, bicycle crashes are significantly underreported, in particular crashes without the involvement of motorised vehicles. A series of specific countermeasures are suggested, such as separation of cyclists and other road users, low motor speed and wider cycle tracks with no obstacles.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Consequences of Crashes Thematic Report which distinguishes three types of consequences for crashes: physical, psychological, and socio-economic. At EU level, 2.2 million hospital-treated road traffic casualties compare to 1.1 million police-reported ones, indicating a substantial underreporting in police-based crash statistics and an underestimation of the impacts of crashes. Furthermore, studies indicate that about one third of road traffic casualties has self-reported symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), every fifth casualty reports symptoms of depression. Moreover, EU wide, crashes are estimated to generate a total cost of injury of about 353 billion Euro, which burdens both the health system and its financiers.
The European Commission with the active contribution of NTUA, SWOV and KFV has published at the European Road Safety Observatory, the Alcohol and Drugs Thematic Report which emphasizes that impairment due to alcohol and/or drugs is a major cause of motor vehicle crashes worldwide. It has been estimated that 1.5 to 2% of kilometres travelled in the EU are driven with an illegal blood alcohol concentration. Furthermore, around 25% of all road deaths in the EU are alcohol-related. Moreover, Recent roadside surveys among randomly stopped drivers in EU-countries show alcohol prevalence rates between 0.3- 2.7% and drug prevalence rates between 6.0 – 11%.
The Institute of Transport Economics (TOI) organized with great success the 13th International Cycling Safety Conference (ICSC2025) which was held in Oslo, Norway, on 4-6 November 2025. The annual ICSC conference has effectively promoted key scientific findings in cycling safety and offered a first-class forum for sharing scientific results and learning from one another. This year’s theme was “Knowledge for Prevention”. NTUA actively contributed with the following papers:
NTUA actively contributed with the following papers:
